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July 10th
48 BC ~ Julius Caesar barely avoided a catastrophic defeat to Pompey at the Battle of Dyrrhachium.
1509 ~ Birthday of John Calvin, Reformer. 1789 ~ Alexander Mackenzie reached Mackenzie River Delta. 1856 ~ Birthday of Nikola Tesla, Physicist, Mathematician, Inventor, and Electrical Engineer. 1903 ~ Birthday of John Wyndham, Author. 1920 ~ Birthday of David Brinkley, television reporter. 1940 ~ The Luftwaffe began to attack British convoys in the English Channel, opening the Battle of Britain. 1962 ~ Telstar, the world's first communications satellite, was launched into orbit. 1985 ~ The Greenpeace vessel, the Rainbow Warrior was bombed and sunk in Auckland Harbor by French DGSE agents. 1989 ~ Death of Mel Blanc, Voice Actor. |
July 11th
1302 ~ Battle of the Golden Spurs - the Flemish cities beat the French army. The battle showed that mounted knights were not invincible and so marked the beginning of their decline in European warfare.
1274 ~ Birthday of Robert the Bruce, king of Scotland. 1533 ~ King Henry VIII of England was excommunicated. 1754 ~ Birthday of Thomas Bowdler, Literary Censor. 1798 ~ The United States Marine Corps is established. 1811 ~ Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro published his memoir about molecular content of gases. 1857 ~ Birthday of Alfred Binet, Psychologist 1899 ~ Birthday of E. B. White, Writer. 1913 ~ Birthday of Cordwainer Smith, Writer. 1995 ~ Bosnian Serbs captured the Muslim city of Srebrenica. Many inhabitants were murdered. |
July 12th
1690 ~ William of Orange's army won the Battle of the Boyne.
1730 ~ Birthday of Josiah Wedgwood, Potter. 1812 ~ Americans invaded Canada at Windsor, Ontario. 1817 ~ Birthday of Henry David Thoreau, Writer, Philosopher. 1901 ~ Birthday of Sir William Osler, Physician, Author, Professor of Medicine. 1908 ~ Birthday of Milton Berle, Comedian. 1934 ~ Birthday of Van Cliburn, Pianist. 1937 ~ Birthday of Bill Cosby, Comedian, Actor, Educator. 1967 ~ Four days of race riots began in Newark, New Jersey that claimed the lives of 27 people. 1998 ~ KDE 1.0 released. |
July 13th
100 BC ~ Birthday of Julius Caesar, statesman and military leader.
1793 ~ Death of Jean Paul Marat, French revolutionary. 1864 ~ Birthday of John Jacob Astor IV, entrepreneur. 1908 ~ Women competed in modern Olympics for the first time. 1909 ~ Gold discovered near Cochrane, Ontario. 1942 ~ Birthday of Harrison Ford, Actor 1946 ~ Birthday of Cheech Marin, Actor, Comedian. 1951 ~ Death of Arnold Schoenberg, Composer. 1977 ~ The New York City Blackout of 1977 lasted for 25 hours and resulted in looting and other disorder. 1982 ~ Montreal hosted the first baseball All-Star Game outside the United States. |
July 14th
1602 ~ Birthday of Jules Mazarin, Statesman and Cardinal.
1789 ~ French Revolution: Parisians stormed the Bastille Prison in Paris and freed seven political prisoners. 1881 ~ Death of Billy the Kid 1904 ~ Birthday of Isaac Bashevis Singer, author 1904 ~ Death of Anton Chekhov - Russian playwright and short story writer. 1913 ~ Birthday of Gerald Ford, American president. 1933 ~ In Germany, all political parties were outlawed except the Nazi Party. 1965 ~ Mariner 4 flyby of Mars. 1965 ~ Death of Adlai Stevenson, US presidential candidate. 2002 ~ During Bastille Day celebrations, Jacques Chirac escaped an assassination attempt. |
July 15th
1099 ~ Crusaders took the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after a difficult siege during First Crusade.
1207 ~ John of England expeled Canterbury monks for supporting Archbishop of Canterbury Stephen Langton. 1573 ~ Birthday of Inigo Jones, Architect. 1606 ~ Birthday of Rembrandt, (Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn) Artist 1779 ~ Birthday of Clement Moore, Author, Poet. 1796 ~ Birthday of Thomas Bulfinch, mythologist, author “Bulfinch's Mythology” 1799 ~ In the Egyptian village of Rosette, French Captain Pierre Bouchard found the Rosetta Stone. 1815 ~ Napoléon Bonaparte surrendered from aboard HMS Bellerophon. 1911 ~ Birthday of Edward Shackleton, Explorer. 1916 ~ In Seattle, Washington, William Boeing incorporated Pacific Aero Products (later renamed Boeing). |
July 16th
622 ~ Beginning of the Islamic calendar by Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab.
1783 ~ Following the American War of Independence, grants of land in Canada to American loyalists announced. 1872 ~ Birthday of Roald Amundsen, explorer, first to reach the South Pole. 1911 ~ Birthday of Ginger Rogers, Actress & Dancer. 1942 ~ On orders from the Vichy France government headed by Pierre Laval, French police officers rounded up 13,000-20,000 Jews and imprisoned them. 1945 ~ The US successfully detonateed a test nuclear weapon at the Trinity site near Alamogordo, New Mexico. 1969 ~ Apollo 11 launched from Cape Kennedy, Florida to become the first manned space mission to land on the moon. 1981 ~ Death of Harry Chapin, Singer & Songwriter. 1999 ~ Birthday of John F. Kennedy Jr. 2001 ~ The FBI arrested Dmitry Sklyarov at a convention in Las Vegas, Nevada for violating a provision of the DMCA. |
July 17th
180 ~ Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa were executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world.
1674 ~ Birthday of Isaac Watts, English hymnwriter. 1762 ~ Catherine the Great became empress of Russia after the murder of Peter III. 1787 ~ Birthday of Friedrich Krupp, Industrialist. 1790 ~ Death of Adam Smith, Scottish economist. 1897 ~ The Klondike gold rush began when the first successful prospectors arrived in Seattle, Washington. 1918 ~ Tsar Nicholas II, Tsarina Alexandra, their children and staff were murdered by Bolsheviks. 1945 ~ World War II: Potsdam Conference - At Potsdam, the three main Allied leaders began their final summit of the war. 1955 ~ Disneyland opened in Anaheim, California. 1997 ~ The F.W. Woolworth Company closed after 117 years in business. |
July 18th
64 ~ Great fire of Rome: A fire began to burn in the merchant area of Rome and burned out of control while Emperor Nero reportedly played his lyre and sung while watching the blaze from a safe distance.
1635 ~ Birthday of Robert Hooke, Scientist. 1853 ~ Birthday of Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch Physicist and Nobel laureate. 1898 ~ Marie and Pierre Curie announced the discovery of a new element and proposed to call it polonium. 1918 ~ Birthday of Nelson Mandela, South African Revolutionary & President. 1921 ~ Birthday of John Glenn, Astronaut and Politician. 1922 ~ Birthday of Thomas Kuhn, Philosopher of Science. 1925 ~ Adolf Hitler published his personal manifesto “Mein Kampf”. 1976 ~ Gymnast Nadia Comaneci, aged 14, scored first ever perfect 10 at Olympics. 1994 ~ In Buenos Aires, an explosion destroyed a building housing several Jewish organizations killing 96 and injuring many more. |
July 19th
1533 ~ Lady Jane Grey was replaced by Mary I as Queen of England after having that title for just nine days.
1814 ~ Birthday of Samuel Colt, Inventor. 1834 ~ Birthday of Edgar Degas, Impressionist Painter. 1873 ~ William Gosse became the first European to discover Ayers Rock and named it in honor of South Australian Premier Sir Henry Ayers. 1898 ~ Birthday of Herbert Marcuse, Communist Philosopher. 1922 ~ Birthday of George McGovern, WWII Bomber pilot & sometime Presidential Candidate. 1942 ~ World War II: Battle of the Atlantic - German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz ordered the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast positions in response to an effective American convoy system. 1976 ~ Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal was created. 1985 ~ Death of Janusz A. Zajdel, Polish science fiction writer. 1989 ~ A Douglas DC-10 carrying United Airlines flight 232 crashed in Sioux City, Iowa killing 112 but due to extraordinary efforts by the pilot and his crew, 184 on board survive. *** There is an interesting article on this in the current issue of Scientific American. *** |
July 20th
1871 ~ British Columbia joined the confederation of Canada.
1919 ~ Birthday of Sir Edmund Hillary, mountain climber. 1923 ~ Death of Pancho Villa, Revolutionary. 1938 ~ Birthday of Natalie Wood, actress: From Here to Eternity, Rebel Without a Cause, West Side Story. 1938 ~ Birthday of Dame Diana Rigg, actress: Mrs. Peel. 1940 ~ Billboard magazine published its first "Music Popularity Chart." 1944 ~ Adolf Hitler survived the “July 20 Plot” assassination attempt led by Claus von Stauffenberg. 1960 ~ Ceylon elected Sirimavo Bandaranaike Prime Minister, the world's first female head of government. 1969 ~ Apollo 11 landed on the Moon and Neil Armstrong and "Buzz" Aldrin become the first humans to walk on its surface. 1974 ~ Turkey invaded Cyprus |
July 21st
1865 ~ In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shot Dave Tutt in what is regarded as the first true western showdown.
1870 ~ Death of Josef Strauss, Composer. 1899 ~ Birthday of Ernest Hemingway, Author. 1920 ~ Birthday of Isaac Stern, Violinist. 1925 ~ High school biology teacher John T. Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution in class and fined $100. 1948 ~ Birthday of Garry Trudeau, Cartoonist. 1954 ~ The Geneva Conference partitioned Vietnam into North Vietnam and South Vietnam. 1967 ~ Death of Basil Rathbone, Actor. 1970 ~ After 11 years of construction, the Aswan High Dam in Egypt was completed. 2004 ~ In an interview broadcast in Australia, filmmaker Michael Moore described Australian Prime Minister John Howard as "someone with half a brain". |
July 22nd
1793 ~ Alexander Mackenzie reached the Pacific Ocean becoming the first European to complete a transcontinental crossing north of Mexico.
1796 ~ Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company named an area in Ohio "Cleveland" after Gen. Moses Cleaveland, the superintendent of the surveying party. 1822 ~ Birthday of Gregor Mendel, pioneering Geneticist. 1887 ~ Birthday of Gustav Ludwig Hertz, quantum physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics. 1898 ~ Birthday of Alexander Calder, Artist. 1933 ~ Wiley Post became the first man to fly solo around the world traveling 15,596 miles in 7 days, 18 hours and 45 minutes. 1934 ~ Death of John Dillinger, bank robber, shot at the Biograph Theater in Chicago. 1967 ~ Death of Carl Sandburg, Poet. 1992 ~ Colombian drug boss Pablo Escobar escaped from his luxury prison in Medellín, fearing extradition to the United States. 2003 ~ Saddam Hussein's sons Uday and Qusay killed. |
July 23rd
1829 ~ William Burt patented the first “typewriter”.
1892 ~ Birthday of Haile Selassie, emperor of Ethiopia. 1926 ~ Fox Film bought the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film. 1962 ~ Telstar relayed the first live trans-Atlantic television signal. 1972 ~ Landsat 1 launched, first Earth-resources satellite. 1982 ~ The International Whaling Commission voted to end commercial whaling by 1985-86. 1973 ~ Birthday of Monica Lewinsky, Congressional intern. 1983 ~ Gimli Glider: Air Canada flight 143 crash-landed in Gimli, Manitoba. 2004 ~ International Whaling Commission: The beginning of the end of the whaling ban. |
July 24th
1701 ~ Detroit, Michigan founded.
1783 ~ Birthday of Simón Bolívar, South American liberator. 1802 ~ Birthday of Alexandre Dumas, Playwright & Novelist. 1847 ~ Brigham Young lead 148 Mormon pioneers into Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City. 1898 ~ Birthday of Amelia Earhart, Aviator. 1910 ~ James MacGillivray published first account of Paul Bunyan in the Detroit News. 1943 ~ World War II: Operation Gomorrah began: British and Canadian aeroplanes bombed Hamburg by night, those of the Americans by day. By the end of the operation in November, 9,000 tons of bombs killed more than 30,000 people and destroyed 280,000 buildings. 1969 ~ Apollo program: Apollo 11 splashed down safely in the Pacific Ocean. 1980 ~ Death of Peter Sellers, Actor. 1991 ~ Death of Isaac Bashevis Singer, Author, Nobel Prize for Literature in 1978. |
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