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June 28th
1577 ~ Birthday of Peter Paul Rubens, German Painter.
1712 ~ Birthday of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Franco-Swiss Philosopher. 1880 ~ Ned Kelly the Australian bushranger captured at Glenrowan. 1906 ~ Birthday of Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics. 1914 ~ Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophia were killed by a Serbian nationalist, the casus belli of World War I. 1919 ~ The Treaty of Versailles was signed, ending World War I with Germany. 1926 ~ Birthday of Mel Brooks, Filmmaker. 1969 ~ Stonewall riots in New York city marked the beginning of the modern gay rights era. 1992 ~ Death of Mikhail Tal, eighth World Chess Champion. 2004 ~ Sovereign power was handed to the interim government of Iraq by the Coalition Provisional Authority, ending the U.S.-led rule. |
June 29th
1861 ~ Death of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Poet. “How do I love thee? Let me count the ways…”
1868 ~ Birthday of George Ellery Hale, Astronomer. 1880 ~ France annexed Tahiti . 1895 ~ Death of Thomas Henry Huxley, Scientist. "Darwin's Bulldog" 1914 ~ Birthday of Rafael Kubelik, Czech Conductor. 1922 ~ France granted 1 km² at Vimy Ridge "freely, and for all time, to the Government of Canada, the free use of the land exempt from all taxes". 1925 ~ Canada House opened in London. 1963 ~ Birthday of Anne-Sophie Mutter, Violinist. 1995 ~ Death of Lana Turner, Actress. 2003 ~ Death of Katharine Hepburn, Actress. |
June 30th
1817 ~ Birthday of Joseph Dalton Hooker, Botanist & Champion of Charles Darwin.
1905 ~ During his annus mirabilis, Albert Einstein published the article On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies in which he introduced special relativity. OMG! That must have been an exciting period to be a physicist! 1908 ~ Tunguska impact event occurred in Siberia. 1934 ~ Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler's violent purge of his political rivals in Germany took place. 1936 ~ Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell published. 1943 ~ Birthday of Florence Ballard, American Singer (The Supremes). 1960 ~ Congo gained independence from Belgium. 1971 ~ The crew of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft died when a faulty valve allowed their air supply to escape. 1985 ~ Birthday of Michael Phelps, American Swimmer. 1997 ~ China resumed sovereignty over Hong Kong, ending 156 years of British colonial rule. |
July 1st
1646 ~ Birthday of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, German Mathematician & Philosopher.
1858 ~ The joint reading of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace's papers on evolution. 1872 ~ Birthday of Louis Blériot, French aviation pioneer. 1873 ~ Prince Edward Island joined the Canadian Confederation. 1906 ~ Birthday of Estée Lauder, Cosmetics Pioneer. 1916 ~ On the first day of the Battle of the Somme 20,000 British soldiers were killed, and 40,000 wounded. 1925 ~ Death of Erik Satie, French Composer. 1963 ~ The British Government admitted that former diplomat Kim Philby had worked as a Soviet agent. 2000 ~ Death of Walter Matthau, Actor. 2000 ~ Vermont's civil unions law went into effect. |
July 2nd
1714 ~ Birthday of Christoph Willibald Gluck, German Composer.
1777 ~ Vermont became the first state to abolish slavery. 1808 ~ Simon Fraser reached the Pacific near New Westminster. 1906 ~ Birthday of Hans Bethe, Nobel Prize-winning German-born nuclear physicist. 1908 ~ Birthday of Thurgood Marshall, U. S. Supreme Court justice. 1937 ~ Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan disappeared over the Pacific Ocean. 1961 ~ Death of Ernest Hemingway, American author, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature. 1976 ~ North and South Vietnam, divided since 1954, reunited to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 1977 ~ Death of Vladimir Nabokov, Russian-born writer. 1982 ~ Larry Walters attached 45 helium balloons to a lawn chair and ascended to a height of 16,000 feet. |
July 3rd
1608 ~ Quebec City founded by Samuel de Champlain.
1844 ~ The last pair of Great Auks was killed. 1854 ~ Birthday of Leoš Janáček, Czech Composer. 1863 ~ The final and bloodiest day of the battle of Gettysburg. 1883 ~ Birthday of Franz Kafka, Austrian Writer. 1935 ~ Death of André Citroën, Automobile Pioneer. 1938 ~ World speed record set for a steam railway locomotive, by the Mallard, which reached 126 mph. 1986 ~ Death of Rudy Vallee, Singer, Actor, Bandleader, & Entertainer. 1988 ~ USS Vincennes shot down Iran Air Flight 655 over the Persian Gulf. 1995 ~ Death of Pancho Gonzales, Tennis Player. |
July 4th
1054 ~ A supernova was recorded by the Chinese near the star ζ Tauri. Its remnants form the Crab Nebula.
1776 ~ The Continental Congress approves a Declaration of Independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain, forming the United States of America. 1807 ~ Birthday of Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian Patriot. 1826 ~ Death of John Adams & Thomas Jefferson, 2nd & 3rd Presidents of the U.S. 1855 ~ The first edition of Walt Whitman's book of poems Leaves of Grass is published. 1883 ~ Birthday of Rube Goldberg, Cartoonist. 1934 ~ Death of Maria Curie, Polish-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry & Physics. 1976 ~ Israeli commandos rescued 105 hostages at Entebbe Airport, Uganda. 1997 ~ NASA's Pathfinder space probe lands on Mars. 1997 ~ Death of Charles Kuralt, Television Reporter. |
July 5th
1810 ~ Birthday of Phineas Taylor "P. T." Barnum, Circus Owner.
1853 ~ Birthday of Cecil Rhodes, South African Politician. 1911 ~ Birthday of Georges Pompidou, President of France. 1948 ~ British National Health Service Act enacted. 1951 ~ William Shockley invented the junction transistor. 1962 ~ Algeria became independent from France. 1969 ~ Death of Walter Gropius, German architect. 1971 ~ The voting age in the U.S. was reduced to 18 from 21. 1975 ~ Cape Verde gained its independence from Portugal. 1996 ~ Birthday of Dolly the sheep, first cloned mammal. |
July 6th
1885 ~ Louis Pasteur successfully tested his vaccine against rabies. The patient was Joseph Meister, a boy bitten by a rabid dog.
1917 ~ Arabian troops led by T.E. Lawrence captured Aqaba from the Turks. 1946 ~ Birthday of George W. Bush, 43rd President of the U.S. 1962 ~ Death of William Faulkner, American Novelist. 1964 ~ A Hard Day's Night, the first Beatles film, premiered. 1971 ~ Death of Louis Armstrong, Jazz Musician. 1973 ~ Death of Otto Klemperer, German Conductor. 1974 ~ The radio program A Prairie Home Companion first broadcast. 1989 ~ The Piper Alpha drilling platform in the North Sea was destroyed by explosions and fires killing 167 oil workers. 1998 ~ Death of Roy Rogers, Cowboy Actor & Singer. |
July 7th
1846 ~ Commodore Sloat ordered his troops to occupy Monterey and Yerba Buena, beginning the U.S. annexation of California.
1860 ~ Birthday of Gustav Mahler, Austrian Composer. 1887 ~ Birthday of Marc Chagall, Russian-born Painter. 1898 ~ U.S. President William McKinley signs the Newlands Resolution which annexed Hawaii as a territory. 1907 ~ Birthday of Robert Heinlein, Science Fiction Writer. 1930 ~ Death of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Scottish Writer. 1940 ~ Birthday of Ringo Starr, Beatle. 1958 ~ U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower signed the Alaska Statehood Act. 1978 ~ The Solomon Islands gains independence from the U.K. 1994 ~ Aden was occupied by troops from North Yemen, completing the reunification of Yemen. |
July 8th
1497 ~ Vasco da Gama set sail on his first direct voyage to India.
1663 ~ Charles II of England grants John Clarke a Charter to Rhode Island. 1695 ~ Death of Christiaan Huygens, Dutch Scientist. 1822 ~ Death of Percy Shelley, English poet. 1838 ~ Birthday of Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin, German Inventor. 1882 ~ Birthday of Percy Grainger, Australian Composer. 1889 ~ In the last championship bare-knuckle boxing match, John L. Sullivan defeated Jake Kilrain. 1889 ~ The first issue of the Wall Street Journal published. 1969 ~ CICS was made available for the IBM 360 mainframe computer. 1997 ~ Mayo Clinic researchers warned that the dieting-drug "fen-phen" could cause severe heart and lung damage. |
July 9th
1793 ~ Act Against Slavery passes in Upper Canada and importation of slaves into Lower Canada prohibited.
1816 ~ Argentina declared independence from Spain. 1900 ~ Queen Victoria gave royal assent to an act creating the Commonwealth of Australia, uniting separate colonies under one federal government. 1916 ~ Birthday of Edward Heath, P.M. of the U.K. 1943 ~ Operation Husky - Allied forces performed an amphibious invasion of Sicily. 1955 ~ The Russell-Einstein Manifesto was released by Bertrand Russell in London. 1974 ~ Death of Earl Warren, Governor of California, Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. 1989 ~ Two bombs exploded in Mecca, killing one pilgrim and wounding 16 others. 1991 ~ South Africa returned to the Olympic movement after 30 years. 1997 ~ Mike Tyson's boxing license was suspended and he was fined $3 million for biting Evander Holyfield's ear in a televised match. |
July 10th
1842 ~ Birthday of :wingang: Adolphus Busch, German-born Brewer.
1856 ~ Birthday of Nikola Tesla, Croatian physicist. 1895 ~ Birthday of Carl Orff, German Composer. 1925 ~ In Dayton, Tennessee, the so-called Monkey Trial began with John T. Scopes, a high school science teacher, accused of teaching evolution in violation of Tennessee state law. 1962 ~ The world's first communications satellite, Telstar, was launched. 1979 ~ Death of Arthur Fiedler, American Conductor. 1985 ~ The Greenpeace Rainbow Warrior was sunk in Auckland Harbor by French agents. 1997 ~ Scientists report their DNA analysis findings from a Neandertal skeleton which support the Out of Africa hypothesis of human evolution. 2002 ~ At a Sotheby's auction, Peter Paul Rubens' painting The Massacre of the Innocents was sold for $76.2 million. 2003 ~ Death of Lord Shawcross, U.K. chief prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials. |
July 11th
1798 ~ The U.S. Marine Corps was re-established after having been disbanded at the end of the American Revolutionary War.
1857 ~ Birthday of Alfred Binet, French Psychologist. 1859 ~ Charles Dickens’ A Tale Of Two Cities was published. 1899 ~ Birthday of E. B. White, American Writer. (Stuart Little, Charlotte's Web, The Trumpet of the Swan.) 1921 ~ Former U.S. President Taft was sworn in as 10th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, becoming the only man to be both President and Chief Justice. 1937 ~ Death of George Gershwin, American Composer. 1962 ~ First transatlantic satellite television transmission. 1971 ~ Death of John W. Campbell, Writer & Editor. 1989 ~ Death of Sir Laurence Olivier, Actor. 1995 ~ Bosnian Serbs capture the city of Srebrenica. |
July 12th
1536 ~ Death of Erasmus, Dutch Writer & Philosopher.
1690 ~ William of Orange's army won the Battle of the Boyne. 1730 ~ Birthday of Josiah Wedgwood, English Potter. 1773 ~ Death of Johann Joachim Quantz, German Flutist & Composer. 1817 ~ Birthday of Henry David Thoreau, American Writer & Philosopher. 1862 ~ Medal of Honor authorized by the U.S. Congress. 1904 ~ Birthday of Deng Xiaoping, Chinese politician. 1933 ~ U.S. Congress passes the first federal minimum wage law in the U.S. 1943 ~ The largest tank engagement of WWII took place, part of the Battle of Kursk 1979 ~ The island nation of Kiribati became independent. |
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