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June 28th
1577 ~ Birthday of Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish Baroque Painter.
1712 ~ Birthday of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Franco-Swiss Philosopher. 1880 ~ The Australian bushranger Ned Kelly was captured at Glenrowan. 1906 ~ Birthday of Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics. 1914 ~ Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophia were killed by a Serbian nationalist, the casus belli of World War I. 1919 ~ The Treaty of Versailles was signed, ending World War I. 1926 ~ Birthday of Mel Brooks, Filmmaker. 1992 ~ Death of Mikhail Tal, eighth World Chess Champion. 1996 ~ The Citadel voted to admit women, ending a 153-year-old men-only policy at the South Carolina military school. 2004 ~ Sovereignty returned to Iraq by the Coalition Provisional Authority, ending the U.S.-led rule. |
June 29th
1861 ~ Death of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Poet. “How do I love thee? Let me count the ways… ”
1868 ~ Birthday of George Ellery Hale, Astronomer. 1880 ~ France annexed Tahiti. 1895 ~ Death of Thomas Henry Huxley, Scientist. "Darwin's Bulldog" 1922 ~ France granted 1 km² at Vimy Ridge "freely, and for all time, to the Government of Canada, the free use of the land exempt from all taxes". 1925 ~ Canada House opened in London. 1963 ~ Birthday of Anne-Sophie Mutter, Violinist. 1974 ~ Isabel Peron is sworn in as first female president of Argentina. 1995 ~ U.S. Space Shuttle Atlantis docked with the Russian space station Mir. 2003 ~ Death of Katharine Hepburn, Actress. |
June 30th
1817 ~ Birthday of Joseph Dalton Hooker, Botanist & Champion of Charles Darwin.
1905 ~ During his annus mirabilis, Albert Einstein published the article On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies in which he introduced special relativity. That must have been an exciting time to be a physicist! 1908 ~ Tunguska impact event occurred in Siberia. 1934 ~ Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler's violent purge of his political rivals in Germany took place. 1936 ~ ''Gone with the Wind'' by Margaret Mitchell published. 1943 ~ Birthday of Florence Ballard, American Singer (The Supremes). 1960 ~ Congo gained independence from Belgium. 1971 ~ The crew of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft died when the landing capsule depressurized after separating from the main craft. 1985 ~ Birthday of Michael Phelps, American Swimmer. 1997 ~ The UK returns sovereignty over Hong Kong to the PRC. |
July 1st
1646 ~ Birthday of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, German Mathematician & Philosopher.
1863 ~ The American Civil War: The Battle of Gettysburg began. 1906 ~ Birthday of Estée Lauder, Cosmetics Pioneer. 1916 ~ WWI: On the first day of the Battle of the Somme 18,000 British soldiers were killed, and 40,000 wounded. 1925 ~ Death of Erik Satie, French Composer. 1963 ~ The British Government admitted that former diplomat Kim Philby had worked as a Soviet agent. 2000 ~ Death of Walter Matthau, Actor. 2000 ~ Vermont's civil unions law went into effect. 2004 ~ Cassini-Huygens was successfully inserted into orbit around Saturn. 2004 ~ Death of Marlon Brando, Actor. |
July 2nd
1714 ~ Birthday of Christoph Willibald Gluck, German Composer.
1906 ~ Birthday of Hans Bethe, German-born Physicist., awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 1967. 1908 ~ Birthday of Thurgood Marshall, U. S. Supreme Court justice. 1932 ~ New York Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt became the Democratic nominee for president at their convention in Chicago. 1937 ~ Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan disappeared over the Pacific Ocean. 1961 ~ Death of Ernest Hemingway, Author, awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature 1954. 1976 ~ Reunification of North and South Vietnam as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 1977 ~ Death of Vladimir Nabokov, Russian-born writer. 1982 ~ Larry Walters attached 45 helium balloons to a lawn chair and ascended into history and to a height of 11,000 feet. 2002 ~ Steve Fossett became the first man to fly a balloon solo around the world. |
July 3rd
1608 ~ The city of Quebec was founded by Samuel de Champlain.
1844 ~ The last pair of Great Auks was killed. 1854 ~ Birthday of Leoš Janáček, Czech Composer. 1863 ~ The final day of the battle of Gettysburg. 1883 ~ Birthday of Franz Kafka, Czech-born German author. 1935 ~ Death of André Citroën, Automobile Pioneer. 1938 ~ World speed record, 126 mph, set for a steam railway locomotive, by the Mallard. 1971 ~ Death of Jim Morrison, Singer (The Doors). 1986 ~ Death of Rudy Vallee, Singer, Actor, Bandleader, & Entertainer. 1988 ~ USS Vincennes shot down Iran Air Flight 655 over the Persian Gulf. |
July 4th
1054 ~ A supernova was recorded by the Chinese near the star ζ Tauri. Its remnants form the Crab Nebula.
1807 ~ Birthday of Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian Patriot. 1845 ~ American writer Henry David Thoreau began a two-year experiment in simple living at Walden Pond near Concord, Mass. 1855 ~ The first edition of Walt Whitman's book of poems Leaves of Grass was published. 1883 ~ Birthday of Rube Goldberg, Cartoonist. 1885 ~ Birthday of Louis B. Mayer, Movie Executive (one of the M’s in MGM). 1934 ~ Death of Marie Curie, Polish-born scientist, recipient of he Nobel Prize in Physics 1903. 1946 ~ After 381 years, the Philippines became an independent nation. 1976 ~ The U.S. celebrated its Bicentennial. 1976 ~ Israeli commandos rescued 100 hostages at Entebbe Airport, Uganda. |
July 5th
1810 ~ Birthday of Phineas Taylor "P. T." Barnum, Circus Owner.
1853 ~ Birthday of Cecil Rhodes, South African Politician. 1911 ~ Birthday of Georges Pompidou, President of France. 1948 ~ British National Health Service Act enacted. 1951 ~ William Shockley invented the junction transistor. 1969 ~ Death of Walter Gropius, German architect. 1971 ~ The voting age in the U.S. was reduced to 18 from 21. 1975 ~ Arthur Ashe becomes the first black man to win the Wimbledon singles' championship. 1989 ~ Oliver North received a $150,000 fine and a suspended prison term for his part in the Iran-Contra affair. 1996 ~ Birthday of Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal. |
July 6th
1946 ~ Birthday of George W. Bush, 43rd President of the U.S.
1957 ~ Althea Gibson became the first black tennis player to win a Wimbledon singles title. 1962 ~ Death of William Faulkner, American Novelist. 1964 ~ A Hard Day's Night, the first Beatles film, premiered. 1971 ~ Death of Louis Armstrong, Jazz Musician. 1973 ~ Death of Otto Klemperer, German Conductor. 1974 ~ The radio program A Prairie Home Companion was first broadcast. 1989 ~ The Piper Alpha drilling platform in the North Sea was destroyed by explosions and fires killing 167 oil workers. 1997 ~ The rover Sojourner rolled onto the Martian landscape to begin inspecting soil and rocks. 1998 ~ Death of Roy Rogers, Cowboy Actor & Singer. |
July 7th
1860 ~ Birthday of Gustav Mahler, Austrian Composer.
1887 ~ Birthday of Marc Chagall, Russian-born Painter. 1898 ~ The U.S. annexed Hawaii as a territory. 1907 ~ Birthday of Robert Heinlein, Science Fiction Writer. 1930 ~ Death of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Scottish Writer. 1940 ~ Birthday of Ringo Starr, Beatle. 1958 ~ President Eisenhower signed the Alaska Statehood Act. 1978 ~ The Solomon Islands gained independence from the U.K. 1981 ~ President Reagan announced his nomination of Sandra Day O'Connor to become the first female justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. 2005 ~ Terrorist bombings in London killed 52 victims and four suicide bombers. |
July 8th.
1695 ~ Death of Christiaan Huygens, Dutch Scientist.
1776 ~ The first public reading of the Declaration of Independence. 1822 ~ Death of Percy Shelley, English poet. 1838 ~ Birthday of Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin, German Inventor. 1882 ~ Birthday of Percy Grainger, Australian Composer. 1889 ~ In the last championship bare-knuckle boxing match, John L. Sullivan defeated Jake Kilrain. 1889 ~ The first issue of the Wall Street Journal published. 1892 ~ St. John's, Newfoundland was devastated by the Great Fire of 1892. 1986 ~ Kurt Waldheim was inaugurated as president of Austria despite controversy over his alleged ties to Nazi war crimes. 1997 ~ Mayo Clinic researchers warned that the dieting-drug "fen-phen" could cause severe heart and lung damage. |
July 9th
1896 ~ William Jennings Bryan delivered his Cross of Gold speech.
1900 ~ Queen Victoria gave royal assent to an act creating the Commonwealth of Australia, uniting separate colonies under one federal government. 1916 ~ Birthday of Edward Heath, P.M. of the UK 1947 ~ The engagement of Britain's Princess Elizabeth to Lt. Philip Mountbatten was announced. 1974 ~ Death of Earl Warren, Governor of California, Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. 1984 ~ York Minster was struck by lightning; the resulting fire destroyed the roof of the South Transept. 1989 ~ Two bombs exploded in Mecca, killing one pilgrim and wounding 16 others. 1995 ~ The Grateful Dead played their last concert, at Soldier Field in Chicago. 1997 ~ Mike Tyson's boxing license was suspended and he was fined $3 million for biting Evander Holyfield's ear in a televised match. 2001 ~ The Big Bang Theory of the origin of the universe received substantial support. |
July 10th
18420 ~ Birthday of :angel: Adolphus Busch, German-born Brewer.
1856 ~ Birthday of Nikola Tesla, Croatian physicist. 1895 ~ Birthday of Carl Orff, German Composer. 1940 ~ The Luftwaffe began the Battle of Britain. 1962 ~ The world's first active communications satellite, Telstar, was launched. 1979 ~ Death of Arthur Fiedler, American Conductor. 1985 ~ The Greenpeace Rainbow Warrior was sunk in Auckland Harbor by French agents. 1997 ~ Scientists report their DNA analysis findings from a Neanderthal skeleton which support the Out of Africa hypothesis of human evolution. 2002 ~ Peter Paul Rubens' painting The Massacre of the Innocents was sold for $76.2 million. 2003 ~ Death of Lord Shawcross, U.K. chief prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials. |
July 11th
1798 ~ The U.S. Marine Corps was re-created by an act of Congress.
1857 ~ Birthday of Alfred Binet, French Psychologist. 1859 ~ Charles Dickens’ A Tale Of Two Cities was published. 1899 ~ Birthday of E. B. White, American Writer. (Stuart Little, Charlotte's Web, The Trumpet of the Swan.) 1914 ~ Babe Ruth made his major league debut with the Boston Red Sox. 1937 ~ Death of George Gershwin, American Composer. 1979 ~ Skylab deorbited. 1971 ~ Death of John W. Campbell, Writer & Editor. 1989 ~ Death of Sir Laurence Olivier, Actor. 1995 ~ Bosnian Serbs capture the city of Srebrenica. |
July 12th
1536 ~ Death of Erasmus, Dutch Writer & Philosopher.
1690 ~ William of Orange's army won the Battle of the Boyne. 1730 ~ Birthday of Josiah Wedgwood, English Potter. 1773 ~ Death of Johann Joachim Quantz, German Flutist & Composer. 1817 ~ Birthday of Henry David Thoreau, American Writer & Philosopher. 1862 ~ Medal of Honor authorized by the U.S. Congress. 1933 ~ U.S. Congress passes the first federal minimum wage law in the U.S. 1943 ~ The largest tank engagement of WWII took place, part of the Battle of Kursk 1984 ~ Walter F. Mondale named Geraldine A. Ferraro his Vice Presidential running mate, making her the first woman to run on a major party ticket. 1990~ Boris Yeltsin resigns from the Soviet Communist Party. |
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