1809 ~ Mary Kies became the first woman to be awarded a US patent.

1813 ~ Birthday of Søren Kierkegaard, Philosopher.

1818 ~ Birthday of Karl Marx, Political philosopher.

1821 ~ Death of Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor.

1891 ~ Carnegie Hall had its grand opening and first public performance (Tchaikovsky was the guest conductor).

1843 ~ Birthday of Michael Palin, comedian ("Monty Python").

1925 ~ Biology teacher John Scopes arrested for teaching Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution.

1961 ~ Alan Shepard becomes the first American to travel into space. He made a space flight of 15 minutes, making less than one complete orbit.

1980 ~ The Special Air Service stormed the Iranian embassy in London after a time of siege.

1995 ~ Death of Mikhail Botvinnik, world chess champion.

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Eudaimonia